Skin Lesion

Melanoma is a serious malignant tumor, which originates from the abnormal proliferation of melanocytes and which mainly affects the skin. The onset of this dangerous neoplasm is strongly associated with excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun and tanning lamps: UVA and UVB rays, in fact, are able to damage the DNA of melanocytes in order to favor their tumor transformation. Skin melanoma (or skin melanoma) can appear as a newly formed skin spot or as an alteration of a pre-existing nevus; generally, it has specific characteristics, which help its recognition.
Melanoma is a treatable tumor with an excellent chance of success, provided however that diagnosis and treatment are timely. Early detection makes skin cancer more treatable and, for some people, completely reversible. Identifying and managing skin cancer before it spreads is the best way to get a good result. Doctors recommend regular skin checks.
However, it is important to underline that melanoma is not the only tumor that can develop: there are in fact other precancerous forms that can evolve into malignant tumors, therefore early diagnosis is essential.

For this reason, at HOLIQUE we have developed a skin cancer identification system, based on the most innovative artificial intelligence systems, capable of identifying 7 types of skin lesions. Upload an image or take a photo of the lesion you want to analyze; the software was developed using a database of 20,000 dermoscopic images, therefore it attempts to load or take bright, well-defined images to ensure accurate analysis. Once the image is loaded, crop the area of ​​interest, trying to center the lesion and maximize the area covered. The software is also offered for mobile devices in the lite version, therefore it may provide slightly different results from the desktop version.

Lesion	Description
Actinic Keratoses or Intraepithelial Carcinoma	Actinic keratosis is a precancerous skin lesion that appears especially after the age of 40 due to the cumulative effect of sun exposure. The lesions, covered with scales or crusts rough to the touch, generally appear on the areas of the body most frequently exposed to the sun. Actinic keratosis often presents with multiple lesions. According to estimates, 26% of actinic keratoses regress spontaneously, while about 60% can evolve into squamous-cellular skin carcinomas.
	Intraepithelial carcinoma (or Bowen's disease) represents the initial stage of Squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or Squamous cell carcinoma, is the second most common form of skin cancer, characterized by abnormal and accelerated growth of squamous cells. If detected early, squamous cell carcinoma is treatable; however, if allowed to grow, these lesions can become disfiguring, dangerous and even fatal, growing into the deeper layers of the skin and spreading to other parts of the body.
Basal cell carcinoma	Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer. It is common among light-skinned individuals who have the habit of exposing themselves to the sun. Basal cell carcinoma usually develops on skin surfaces that are exposed to sunlight, usually on the head or neck. Tumors enlarge very slowly, sometimes so slowly that the growths go unnoticed. However, the rate of growth varies greatly from tumor to tumor, so much so that some grow by 1 cm per year. Basal cell carcinomas rarely spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Instead, they slowly invade and destroy surrounding tissues. When basal cell carcinomas grow near the eyes, ears, mouth, bones or brain, the consequences of the invasion can become serious and lethal. However, in most cases, these tumors simply grow slowly into the skin.
Benign keratosis	Keratosis is a pathological alteration of the skin characterized by a thickening of the stratum corneum. It appears as a more raised patch than the surrounding skin. It often has an irregular shape and is grayish-brown in color. Sometimes, it also manifests itself as a warty appearance, with a peeling surface and reddened edges. The condition can be isolated and limited, or multiple and spread over different skin areas. Often these are seborrheic keratoses (benign epidermal neoformations) or pilari (skin changes characterized by thickening and small boils), which are absolutely harmless. They are distinguished from actinic keratoses, which instead represent precancerous skin lesions and are linked to the cumulative effect of sun exposure; these must be carefully monitored, as they can evolve into malignant tumors.
Dermatofibroma	Dermatofibroma, also called histiocytoma, is a benign skin tumor that manifests itself as a very hard pigmented nodule, slightly raised on the skin, generally less than a centimeter in size, generally located in the legs, although any skin site can be affected. The presence of a single dermatofibroma is very common among the adult population, more rarely it is possible to observe the presence of multiple elements in predisposed subjects (even 10-15 lesions in the same patient). It is a very common skin tumor, especially among women, in whom the lesion develops at a young age.
Melanoma	Melanoma is a serious malignant tumor, which arises from the abnormal proliferation of melanocytes and which can generate metastases in other parts of the body. The onset of this dangerous neoplasm is strongly associated with excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun and tanning lamps: UVA and UVB rays, in fact, are able to damage the DNA of melanocytes in order to favor their tumor transformation. Skin melanoma can appear as a newly formed skin spot or as an alteration of a pre-existing nevus; generally, it has specific characteristics, which help its recognition. Melanoma is a treatable tumor with an excellent chance of success, provided that diagnosis and treatment are timely.
Melanocytic nevi	Melanocytic nevus is a hyperpigmented lesion that originates from melanocytes, cells responsible for the secretion of the pigment melanin. More precisely, the melanocytic nevus is formed following a high proliferation, albeit benign, of the aforementioned cells. In other words, this type of nevus represents a melanocytic pigmented skin lesion of a benign nature. Unfortunately, it is not possible to exclude a possible evolution of the melanocytic nevus into a malignant form, therefore constant monitoring is recommended.
Vascular skin lesion	Vascular skin lesions can be congenital or acquired. The former are present at birth, or appear shortly after, and are related to vascular malformations and can only represent a blemish or be part of extremely complex frameworks of multidisciplinary competence, which therefore deserve special attention. The most common acquired vascular lesions can instead be linked to infectious processes (pyogenic granuloma), metabolic factors (liver disease, diabetes) or neurodystonic disorders (erythrosis of the face, couperose) or hormonal (menopause, hyperestrogenism or hyperadrenalism), iatrogenic and finally due to a frequent genetic predisposition in subjects with clear skin and associated with excessive and/or erroneous sun exposure or simply to physiological chrono-aging.